Lecture on Hyperbolic Functions

Lecture on Hyperbolic Functions Theory, Derivations, and Applications

1. Introduction to Hyperbolic Functions Hyperbolic functions are analogs of trigonometric functions but are defined using exponential functions rather than the unit circle. They appear in various areas of mathematics, physics, and engineering, including: – Calculus (integration, differentiation, and differential equations) – Physics (relativity, heat transfer, and wave mechanics) – Engineering (catenary structures, transmission lines)…

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LU DECOMPOSITION

LU Decomposition Method Is A Quick, Easy, and Credible Way to Solve problem in Linear Equations

Introduction Solving systems of linear equations is a fundamental problem in mathematics, engineering, physics, and computer science. Among the various methods available, LU Decomposition stands out for its efficiency, simplicity, and numerical stability. In this blog, we’ll explore what LU Decomposition is, how it works, and why it’s a reliable method for solving linear equations. What…

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UNDERSTANDING TRANSFORMERS

Understanding Transformers: The Mathematical Foundations of Large Language Models

In recent years, two major breakthroughs have revolutionized the field of Large Language Models (LLMs): 1. 2017: The publication of Google’s seminal paper, (https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762) by Vaswani et al., which introduced the Transformer architecture – a neural network that fundamentally changed Natural Language Processing (NLP). 2. 2022: The launch of ChatGPT by OpenAI, a transformer-based chatbot…

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LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Mastering Laplace Equations and Transforms The History, Derivations, and Solved Examples

Brief Historical Introduction to Laplace Transform The Laplace Transform is a cornerstone of mathematical physics and engineering, with deep historical roots dating back to the 18th century. Named after Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827), a French mathematician and astronomer, this transformative tool emerged as part of his work on probability and celestial mechanics. Origins Laplace originally used…

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PDE EQUATIONS

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs), Their Canonical Forms wave, heat, and Laplace equations

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are classified into different types based on their characteristics, which determine the nature of their solutions and the appropriate solution methods. The three most important PDEs in mathematical physics are: Partial differential equations (PDEs) are used in machine learning (ML)—especially in advanced fields like: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs): These use PDEs…

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UNDERSTANDING TENSORS

Understanding Tensors: A Comprehensive Guide with Mathematical Examples

Welcome to our mathematically rigorous exploration of tensors. This guide provides precise definitions, theoretical foundations, and worked examples ranging from elementary to advanced levels. All concepts are presented using proper mathematical notation with no reliance on programming languages. The Story of Tensors: From Curved Surfaces to Cosmic Equations Long ago, in the 19th century, a…

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