Understanding Gaussian distribution Binomial, Poisson & Other Distributions
What is an Example of a Data Set with a Non-Gaussian Distribution? In the world…
Understanding the Layers of Large Language Models (LLMs) and How Data Passes Through Them
Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) are a class of deep learning models that have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP).
How NVIDIA Graphics Work: A Comprehensive Guide to GPUs
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become the backbone of modern computing, powering everything from gaming to artificial intelligence (AI).
How Data Transfer Takes Place from RAM to SSD: A Detailed Insight
In modern computing, the seamless transfer of data between various hardware components is crucial for maintaining system performance and efficiency.
Cryptocurrency: Understanding How It Works and Its Impact on the Financial World
Cryptocurrency has taken the world by storm, evolving from a niche concept into a mainstream financial asset class.
Let’s break down AI, Machine Learning (ML), and Neural Networks in a structured way
Let’s break down AI, Machine Learning (ML), and Neural Networks in a structured way, covering key concepts, types of ML, and model architectures like Transformers, and their applications.
Complete Breakdown of Machine Learning (ML)
Machine Learning
is a vast and intricate field that requires an understanding of key concepts from mathematics, statistics, programming, and data science. Let’s go through everything step-by-step, from the fundamental maths to the essential skills required to build ML models.
How to train LLMs to reason with notebooks
Abstract Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have opened the door to agentic systems capable of solving complex, open-ended tasks. Among such systems, Jupyter Agent represents a novel direction by integrating LLMs with code execution inside Jupyter Notebooks, thereby transforming them into autonomous data science agents. While large models show promising results in data…
EmbeddingGemma Model Google’s Pocket-Sized Powerhouse for Multilingual AI
The world of AI is often obsessed with scale: bigger models, more parameters, and massive computational demands. But what if the key to unlocking next-generation applications isn’t more power, but smarter, more efficient models? Google’s latest release, EmbeddingGemma, proves exactly that. Announced on September 4, 2025, EmbeddingGemma is a state-of-the-art multilingual embedding model designed from the…
Apple iPhone 17 Launch – Everything You Need to Know
Introduction: The Next Chapter in iPhone Innovation The iPhone 17 series represents Apple’s latest endeavor to push the boundaries of smartphone technology while refining the user experience that has captivated millions worldwide. With the September 2025 announcement, Apple has once again raised the bar with innovative features and significant improvements across its entire lineup, including the standard iPhone 17, the premium…
A Complete Guide to Cartesian Product of Sets
If you’ve ever used a grid system, like a chessboard (A-H, 1-8) or a map with coordinates (B3, F5), you’ve intuitively used the concept of the Cartesian Product. In the world of mathematics, this operation is a fundamental way to combine elements from different sets, creating a new set of all possible ordered pairs. But…
Monolithic vs Microservices Architecture: Key Differences, Pros & Cons (2025 Guide)
When building modern applications, one of the biggest decisions developers face is how to structure their software. Should you keep everything under a single, unified codebase (monolithic architecture) or break the application into smaller, independent services (microservices architecture)? The choice affects scalability, team collaboration, deployment strategy, and even the future growth of your business. There’s…
The Core of RAG Systems: Embedding Models, Chunking, Vector Databases
In the age of large language models (LLMs), Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as one of the most powerful approaches for building intelligent applications. Whether you’re creating a chatbot, a document assistant, or an enterprise knowledge engine, three pillars make RAG work: embedding models, chunking, and vector databases. This article breaks down what they are,…
TempleOS Exploring the Public Domain 64-Bit Operating System
Introduction In the world of operating systems, Windows, Linux, and macOS dominate the mainstream. But hidden within the history of computing lies TempleOS, a unique, public domain, 64-bit operating system built almost entirely by a single man — Terry A. Davis (1969–2018). TempleOS is not just another alternative OS. It is both a technological curiosity…
Agentic Architecture and AI Agents in Enterprise
For the past year, the business world has been captivated by Generative AI. Tools like ChatGPT have become synonymous with AI itself, dazzling us with their ability to draft emails, summarize documents, and generate creative content. But for enterprises, a critical limitation has emerged: these models are brilliant conversationalists, but they are passive. They answer…
What Is a Prompt Injection Attack?
A prompt injection attack is a GenAI security threat where an attacker deliberately crafts and inputs deceptive text into a large language model (LLM) to manipulate its outputs. This type of attack exploits the model’s response generation process to achieve unauthorized actions, such as extracting confidential information, injecting false content, or disrupting the model’s intended…
The AI Battle Between Mark Zuckerberg and Sam Altman
Who Will Shape the Future of Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become the central battleground for the world’s most powerful tech leaders. Among them, two figures stand out: Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Meta (formerly Facebook), and Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI. Both men are driving innovation at an unprecedented pace,…
