Lecture : The Language of Tensors & Foundational Operations 1. Motivation: Why We Need This Language The Data Complexity Problem: In the early days of machine learning, data was often tabular: n_samples x n_features. A vector (sample) or a matrix (whole dataset) sufficed. Modern problems are not so simple. An Image: A 224×224 color photo…
Transformer is a neural network architecture that has fundamentally changed the approach to Artificial Intelligence. Transformer was first introduced in the seminal paper “Attention is All You Need” in 2017 and has since become the go-to architecture for deep learning models, powering text-generative models like OpenAI’s GPT, Meta’s Llama, and Google’s Gemini. Beyond text, Transformer is also applied in audio generation, image…
At its core, ChatGPT-4 is built on the Transformer architecture, which revolutionized AI with its self-attention mechanism. Below, we break down the key components and their roles in generating human-like text. 1. Transformer Architecture Overview The Transformer consists of encoder and decoder stacks, but GPT-4 is decoder-only (it generates text autoregressively). Key Layers in Each Block:…
Introduction As the AI landscape rapidly evolves, vision architectures are undergoing a revolution. We’ve moved beyond CNNs into the age of Vision Transformers (ViTs), hybrid systems like SigLIP, long-sequence models such as Mamba, and powerful multimodal models like Qwen-VL. Then there’s STORM—a new architecture combining selective attention, token reduction, and memory. This blog walks you…
Data science and machine learning require powerful hardware to handle complex computations, large datasets, and AI model training. Whether you’re a student or a professional, choosing the right laptop is crucial for efficiency and future-proofing your investment. Introduction: Why Machine Learning Needs Serious Hardware Machine Learning (ML) involves training algorithms on large datasets to recognize…
Welcome to the future — a world where machines not only follow instructions but learn from data! Whether you’re a tech enthusiast, a student, or a curious mind, this blog post will give you a gentle introduction to the fascinating world of Machine Learning (ML). What is Machine Learning? Machine Learning is a subset of…
As a candidate, I’ve interviewed at a dozen big companies and startups. I’ve got offers for machine learning roles at companies including Google, NVIDIA, Snap, Netflix, Primer AI, and Snorkel AI. I’ve also been rejected at many other companies. As an interviewer, I’ve been involved in designing and executing the hiring process at NVIDIA and…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have become the go-to architecture for image-related tasks in deep learning.
Machine Learning
is a vast and intricate field that requires an understanding of key concepts from mathematics, statistics, programming, and data science. Let’s go through everything step-by-step, from the fundamental maths to the essential skills required to build ML models.
