UNDERSTANDING TRANSFORMERS

Understanding Transformers: The Mathematical Foundations of Large Language Models

In recent years, two major breakthroughs have revolutionized the field of Large Language Models (LLMs): 1. 2017: The publication of Google’s seminal paper, (https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762) by Vaswani et al., which introduced the Transformer architecture – a neural network that fundamentally changed Natural Language Processing (NLP). 2. 2022: The launch of ChatGPT by OpenAI, a transformer-based chatbot…

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CHATGPT VS DEEPSEEK

DeepSeek vs ChatGPT: A Technical Deep Dive into Modern LLM Architectures

The large language model (LLM) landscape is rapidly evolving, and two powerful contenders—DeepSeek and ChatGPT—are emerging as core engines in generative AI applications. While they both excel at generating human-like text, answering questions, and powering chatbots, they differ significantly in architecture, training objectives, inference capabilities, and deployment paradigms. Not long ago, I had my first…

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